The main materials of optical lenses include colorless optical glass, colored optical glass, infrared optical materials, crystalline materials, glassy materials, and plastic materials, among a series of optical materials.Optical plastic is a widely used optical material in recent times. It is an organic material that can replace optical glass and has many advantages such as low price, low density, light weight, easy molding, low cost, high production efficiency, and not easy to break. Its main disadvantage is that the temperature coefficient of thermal expansion and refractive index is much larger than that of optical glass, and the optical components made are greatly affected by temperature, resulting in unstable imaging quality of the focusing lens.

The main difference between optical glass and ordinary glass is that the former has very high transparency, higher physical and chemical properties, uniform color, and specific and very accurate optical constants.